Chronic kidney disease increases risk of death for both women and men

Public release date: 30-Jan-2013
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Contact: Tim Parsons
tmparson@jhsph.edu
410-955-7619
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

A new study from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (CKD-PC) found that in general chronic kidney disease is similarly associated with a higher risk of death and end stage renal disease for both women and men. The findings were released online in advance of publication in BMJ.

Chronic kidney disease affects 10 to 16 percent of adults worldwide. Current thresholds for chronic kidney disease are based on two kidney measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria, a measure of protein in the urine. Because mildly reduced GFR is more common in women, and both kidney measures are affected by muscle mass, some have suggested that the definition of chronic kidney disease should be sex-specific.

According to the study, the overall risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were higher in men at all levels of kidney function. However, both sexes experienced increased risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and end stage renal disease with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria, with only a slight difference in the strength of relationships between sexes.

"Our results contrast with some previous studies suggesting that the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate with mortality is weaker in women. We found the association between chronic kidney disease and mortality risk to be as strong in women as in men. Low estimated glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria should be considered at least as potent a risk factor in women as it is in men," said Josef Coresh, MD, PhD, MHS, the Consortium's principal investigator and professor in the Bloomberg School's Department of Epidemiology.

For the study, researchers analyzed data from more than 2 million participants from 46 cohort studies. The study participants included a diverse population from Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. Fifty-four percent of the study populations were women.

"Associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with mortality and renal failure by sex: a meta-analysis" was written by the CKD-PC, which includes approximately 200 collaborators and data from 40 countries.

###

Funding sources include the National Kidney Foundation for the CKD-PC and a variety of sources such as the National Institutes of Health, medical research councils, foundations, and industry sponsors for collaborating authors and cohorts.

---

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Public release date: 30-Jan-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Tim Parsons
tmparson@jhsph.edu
410-955-7619
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

A new study from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (CKD-PC) found that in general chronic kidney disease is similarly associated with a higher risk of death and end stage renal disease for both women and men. The findings were released online in advance of publication in BMJ.

Chronic kidney disease affects 10 to 16 percent of adults worldwide. Current thresholds for chronic kidney disease are based on two kidney measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria, a measure of protein in the urine. Because mildly reduced GFR is more common in women, and both kidney measures are affected by muscle mass, some have suggested that the definition of chronic kidney disease should be sex-specific.

According to the study, the overall risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were higher in men at all levels of kidney function. However, both sexes experienced increased risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and end stage renal disease with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria, with only a slight difference in the strength of relationships between sexes.

"Our results contrast with some previous studies suggesting that the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate with mortality is weaker in women. We found the association between chronic kidney disease and mortality risk to be as strong in women as in men. Low estimated glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria should be considered at least as potent a risk factor in women as it is in men," said Josef Coresh, MD, PhD, MHS, the Consortium's principal investigator and professor in the Bloomberg School's Department of Epidemiology.

For the study, researchers analyzed data from more than 2 million participants from 46 cohort studies. The study participants included a diverse population from Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. Fifty-four percent of the study populations were women.

"Associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with mortality and renal failure by sex: a meta-analysis" was written by the CKD-PC, which includes approximately 200 collaborators and data from 40 countries.

###

Funding sources include the National Kidney Foundation for the CKD-PC and a variety of sources such as the National Institutes of Health, medical research councils, foundations, and industry sponsors for collaborating authors and cohorts.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-01/jhub-ckd013013.php

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Source: http://palestine-news-blog.blogspot.com/2013/01/faithless-puller-norine-dart-health.html

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Why are there redheads? Birds might hold the clues

Tuesday, January 29, 2013

Red coloration?historically seen as costly in vertebrates?might represent some physiological benefit after all, according to research published in the journal Physiological and Biochemical Zoology.

Pheomelanin, which is responsible for red hair and freckles in humans and orange and chestnut coloration in other animals, is known to increase the damage to skin cells and melanoma risk when present in large amounts. Furthermore, its creation involves the consumption of glutathione, a beneficial antioxidant.

In an attempt to unearth the factors favoring the evolution of pheomelanin in spite of its costs, Ismael Galv?n and Anders P. M?ller of the University of Paris-Sud examined the survival from one breeding season to the next of a wild European population of barn swallows, as well as the annual survival rates of 58 species of American birds.

A recent hypothesis claims that the consumption of cysteine (a component of glutathione) that occurs when pheomelanin is produced can be beneficial under conditions of low stress. Cysteine, which is mainly acquired through diet, can be toxic at high levels, so the production of pheomelanin may help to sequester excess quantities of this amino acid.

Galv?n and M?ller measured birds' blood levels of uric acid and analyzed the coloration of their chestnut throat feathers (an indication of pheomelanin content). When they compared birds that had similar uric acid levels (and therefore similar capacities to excrete excess amino acids), they found that both the European barn swallows and the American birds with larger amounts of pheomelanin in their feathers survived better.

This study is the first to propose that the costs/benefits of pheomelanin may depend on prevailing environmental conditions, and its results suggest that the production of this pigment may even be beneficial in some circumstances. Given that all higher vertebrates, including humans, present pheomelanin in skin, pelage, and plumage, Galv?n and M?ller's findings increase the scant current knowledge on the physiological consequences of pheomelanin and open new avenues for research that will help us understand the evolution of pigmentation.

###

Ismael Galv?n and Anders P. M?ller, "Pheomelanin-Based Plumage Coloration Predicts Survival Rates in Birds." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 86:2 (March/April 2013). Available ahead of print at http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/668871.

University of Chicago Press Journals: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu

Thanks to University of Chicago Press Journals for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126506/Why_are_there_redheads__Birds_might_hold_the_clues

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New Jersey governor vetoes minimum wage hike, suggests options

(Reuters) - New Jersey's Republican Governor Chris Christie on Monday conditionally vetoed legislation that would increase the state's minimum wage to $8.50 per hour from $7.25 and tie it to the consumer price index.

Instead, Christie proposed a smaller rate increase to be phased in over three years, without linking future wage hikes to the index. Democratic leaders vowed to send their proposal to voters in November elections.

Calling the bill "lopsided," Christie said in his veto letter to the state's Democrat-led legislature that its wage hike would doom small businesses.

"The sudden, significant minimum-wage increase in this bill, coupled with automatic raises each year tied to the Unites States consumer price index, will jeopardize the economic recovery we all seek," he wrote.

Christie sent the bill back to lawmakers, suggesting a $0.25 per hour increase immediately, with an increase next year of $0.50 and a final raise of $0.25 in the third year.

He also said the legislation should include an increase to the benefit amounts provided under the state's Earned Income Tax Credit program.

Assembly Speaker Sheila Oliver said in a statement that the conditional veto was "unacceptable."

"Any proposal that lacks annual adjustments to ensure wages keep pace with the economy is not a real solution," she said.

She said lawmakers have the simple majority of votes they need to put the issue on the ballot for voters to decide in November.

On January 1, ten U.S. states increased their minimum wage rates by between 10 and 35 percent. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo earlier this month proposed an increase of the state's minimum wage to $8.75 an hour from $7.25.

(Reporting by Hilary Russ; Editing by Bob Burgdorfer)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/jersey-governor-vetoes-minimum-wage-hike-suggests-options-202602818.html

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Pope examines society's acceptance of unstable relationships ...

Pope Benedict XVI at an April 2012 audience. Credit: CNA.

Vatican City, Jan 28, 2013 / 03:36 pm (CNA/EWTN News).- As he spoke to the Church?s highest court, which often deals with issues related to marriage, Pope Benedict highlighted the growing acceptance of instability in relationships.

Contemporary culture ?poses serious challenges to the person and the family,? he began, underscoring that it calls into question ?the very capacity of human beings to bond themselves to another and whether a union that lasts an entire life is truly possible.?

Modern culture, Pope Benedict XVI told the members of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota, promotes the idea that people can ?become themselves while remaining ?autonomous,?? leading to the ?widespread mentality? that relationships ?can be interrupted at any time.?

His speech to the Tribunal for the opening of the judicial year took place Jan. 26 in the Clementine Hall and focused on the relationship between faith and marriage.

Pope Benedict observed that the world's current crisis of faith brings with it a crisis in the understanding and experience of marriage.

Rejecting the divine proposal, he explained, leads to a profound imbalance in all human relationships, including in marriage.

It also "facilitates an erroneous understanding of freedom and self-realization" that operates under the belief one can flourish while remaining autonomous in a relationship, he said.

"Contemporary culture, marked by a strong subjectivism and an ethical and religious relativism, poses serious challenges to the person and the family," the Pope told the judges.

On the other hand, he said, accepting faith makes humans capable of giving themselves, allowing them to discover the extent of being a human person.

The Code of Canon Law ? the set of laws by which the Church is governed and which the Tribunal is charged with upholding? defines the natural reality of marriage as the "irrevocable covenant between a man and a woman," he noted.

Pope Benedict then reflected on how "a human being's choice to bind themselves with a bond lasting an entire life influences each person's basic perspective according to which they are either anchored to a merely human plane or open themselves to the light of faith in the Lord."

Divorced or abandoned spouses were also not far from the Pope?s mind as he spoke to the Tribunal.

"Being well aware that the valid marriage bond is indissoluble and refraining from becoming involved in a new union, in such cases their example of fidelity and Christian consistency takes on particular value as a witness before the world and the Church," he remarked.

The Pope asserted that "faith is important in carrying out the authentic conjugal good, which consists simply in wanting always and in every case the welfare of the other."

"With these considerations I certainly don't wish to suggest any facile relationship between a lack of faith and the invalidity of a marital union," he said.

"I wish to highlight how such a deficiency may, but not necessarily, damage the goods of marriage, since the reference to the natural order desired by God is inherent to the conjugal covenant.?

Tags: Pope Benedict, Marriage, Redefining Marriage

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Source: http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pope-examines-societys-acceptance-of-unstable-relationships/

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NRA says more gun control not a serious proposal

	Essential News from The Associated Press

? ?Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2013-01-29-US-Gun-Control-Congress/id-6cf40dc9ba5d49afade4504b22c7df19

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'Tough but fair' immigration reform plan

Diana Saravia, 10, participates in a rally for immigration reform. (Mark Wilson/Getty??A new immigration reform proposal crafted by a bipartisan group of senators would allow for a gradual path to legalization for most of the estimated 11 million illegal immigrants currently living in the country. The senators will announce more details of the plan?which they describe as "tough but fair"?on Monday afternoon in a press conference. (You can watch a live stream of the press conference here at 2:30 p.m. ET.)

The senators' path to citizenship for illegal immigrants is less direct and could take longer than the one proposed by President Barack Obama in his immigration reform blueprint. The president will announce his push for immigration reform in more detail Tuesday in Las Vegas.

The senators' plan puts forward several hurdles before undocumented immigrants could obtain permanent residence visas, called green cards, which is the first step towards citizenship. First, immigrants would apply for temporary legal status by registering with the government, completing a background check and paying a fine. Before immigrants obtain green cards, "a commission comprised of governors, attorneys general, and community leaders living along the Southwest border" will recommend that the government has taken enough steps to beef up border security and has also implemented a system that tracks when temporary visitors have left the country. It's unclear how long that would take, especially since border state governors are divided on how secure the border is now and ideally should be in the future.

The plan also says that no undocumented immigrant would receive a green card until every legal immigrant who is currently waiting for a green card has already received it. Wait times for green cards can be as long as 20 years in extreme cases, depending on whether the applicant is being sponsored by an employer or a family member. Family-based immigration, especially when a U.S. citizen is attempting to sponsor his or her sibling, can have especially long wait times.

The blueprint says the senators want to eliminate these wait times and drastically increase legal, high-skilled immigration, so it's possible that the bill could expedite the process. If not, illegal immigrants seeking a green card could be waiting for years.

The plan also excludes the children of illegal immigrants, commonly referred to as "Dreamers," as well as agricultural workers from the long wait for a green card.

Obama's blueprint asks for a wait time of eight years before illegal immigrants could get green cards, during which time they could live and work legally in the country. After five years with a green card, immigrants could apply to become citizens.

Immigration advocates, who generally favor a fast path to citizenship for the country's illegal immigrants, mostly praised the senators for adding to the "momentum" of reform, but did not comment on the specifics of the plan.

"Creating a 21st century immigration process won't be easy, but the framework the senators are proposing is a powerful and practical start to the legislative process, and it will make the peaks and valleys ahead much easier to traverse," said Ali Noorani, executive director of the the National Immigration Forum, in a statement.

But Chris Rickerd, policy counsel at the American Civil Liberties Union, said his organization has "concerns" that the lengthy time frame and fine might discourage people from applying to legalize. Rickerd also noted that some people might be excluded from legalization because they were prosecuted for immigration-related crimes in their states. For example in Arizona, illegal immigrants can be charged with "self smuggling," which is a felony that does not exist in other states.

Groups that favor less immigration, meanwhile, have blasted the plan as "amnesty."

"Like previous amnesty proposals, this most recent iteration creates a 'path to citizenship' for nearly all illegal aliens and offers empty promises of enforcement without providing any concrete details," said the Federation of American Immigration Reform in a statement.

The eight senators who hammered out the deal are Republicans John McCain, Marco Rubio, Jeff Flake and Lindsey Graham, and Democrats Chuck Schumer, Michael Bennet, Dick Durbin and Robert Menendez.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/senators-tough-fair-immigration-blueprint-immigrants-wait-citizenship-173450017--politics.html

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With hot air treatment, bacteria fly the coop

Public release date: 28-Jan-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Rosalie Marion Bliss
rosalie.bliss@ars.usda.gov
301-504-4318
United States Department of Agriculture - Research, Education and Economics

This press release is available in Spanish.

Poultry producers can reduce bacterial cross-contamination in poultry cages by treating the cages with forced air that's been heated to 122 degrees Fahrenheit, according to a study by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists.

While being transported in coops on trucks, poultry that have bacteria such as Campylobacter can contaminate, through their feces, other poultry that are free of pathogens. Those disease-causing bacteria can then be passed on to the next group of birds during the next trip, and so forth, unless the cycle is broken.

Campylobacter is a food-borne pathogen that can be present in raw or undercooked poultry. Since the bacteria are commonly found in the digestive tracts of poultry, they're readily deposited onto coops and trucks when contaminated animals are transported to processing plants.

In the study, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) microbiologists Mark Berrang and Richard Meinersmann collaborated with researcher Charles Hofacre of the University of Georgia at Athens. Berrang and Meinersmann work in the ARS Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit in Athens. ARS is USDA's principal intramural scientific research agency, and this research supports the USDA priority of promoting food safety.

The researchers tested the use of hot flowing air to speed the process of drying soiled or washed cages to lower or eliminate detectable Campylobacter on cage flooring.

When the hot flowing air was applied to fecally soiled transport cage flooring samples for 15 minutes after a water-spray wash treatment, Campylobacter levels declined to an undetectable level. Static heat at similar temperatures was not nearly as effective, and unheated flowing air was moderately effective, but less so than hot flowing air.

###

Read more about this research in the January 2013 issue of Agricultural Research magazine. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jan13/bacteria0113.htm

USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (866) 632-9992 (Toll-free Customer Service), (800) 877-8339 (Local or Federal relay), (866) 377-8642 (Relay voice users).

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 28-Jan-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Rosalie Marion Bliss
rosalie.bliss@ars.usda.gov
301-504-4318
United States Department of Agriculture - Research, Education and Economics

This press release is available in Spanish.

Poultry producers can reduce bacterial cross-contamination in poultry cages by treating the cages with forced air that's been heated to 122 degrees Fahrenheit, according to a study by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists.

While being transported in coops on trucks, poultry that have bacteria such as Campylobacter can contaminate, through their feces, other poultry that are free of pathogens. Those disease-causing bacteria can then be passed on to the next group of birds during the next trip, and so forth, unless the cycle is broken.

Campylobacter is a food-borne pathogen that can be present in raw or undercooked poultry. Since the bacteria are commonly found in the digestive tracts of poultry, they're readily deposited onto coops and trucks when contaminated animals are transported to processing plants.

In the study, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) microbiologists Mark Berrang and Richard Meinersmann collaborated with researcher Charles Hofacre of the University of Georgia at Athens. Berrang and Meinersmann work in the ARS Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit in Athens. ARS is USDA's principal intramural scientific research agency, and this research supports the USDA priority of promoting food safety.

The researchers tested the use of hot flowing air to speed the process of drying soiled or washed cages to lower or eliminate detectable Campylobacter on cage flooring.

When the hot flowing air was applied to fecally soiled transport cage flooring samples for 15 minutes after a water-spray wash treatment, Campylobacter levels declined to an undetectable level. Static heat at similar temperatures was not nearly as effective, and unheated flowing air was moderately effective, but less so than hot flowing air.

###

Read more about this research in the January 2013 issue of Agricultural Research magazine. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jan13/bacteria0113.htm

USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (866) 632-9992 (Toll-free Customer Service), (800) 877-8339 (Local or Federal relay), (866) 377-8642 (Relay voice users).

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-01/usdo-wha012813.php

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